Efficacy and safety are key concepts in medical research, particularly in evaluating the effectiveness and risks of various treatments or interventions. Efficacy refers to how well a treatment works in achieving a desired outcome, such as symptom relief or disease prevention. Researchers assess efficacy through well-designed clinical trials that compare the treatment to a control group to determine if it is more effective than a placebo or standard treatment. Safety, on the other hand, focuses on the potential risks or side effects associated with a treatment. Researchers evaluate safety by monitoring adverse reactions and assessing the overall risk-benefit ratio of the intervention. This often involves conducting post-market surveillance studies to identify and address any safety concerns that may arise once a treatment is on the market. Overall, efficacy and safety research plays a crucial role in guiding medical decision-making and ensuring that patients receive the best possible care with minimal risks.